1. Nilsen, E. T., F. C. Meinzer, and P.W. Rundel. 1989. Photosynthetic responses to light, temperature, humidity, and CO2 in the stem photosynthetic desert tree Psorothamnus spinosa. Oecologia. 79:193-197.

2. Nilsen, E. T., and Y. Bao. 1990. Stem photosynthesis in Legumes; The influence of water stress on gas exchange of Glycine max var: essex and Sparteum junceum. American Journal of Botany. 77:1007-1015.

3. Nilsen, E. T. 1992. The influence of water stress on leaf and stem photosynthesis in Sparteum junceum L. Plant Cell and Environment. 15:457-462.

4. Nilsen, E. T. 1992. Partitioning growth and photosynthesis between leaves and stems during nitrogen limitation in Spartium junceum. American Journal of Botany 79:1217-1223.

5. Nilsen, E. T., D. Karpa, H. A. Mooney, and C. Field. 1993 Patterns of stem assimilation in two species of invasive legumes in coastal California. American Journal of Botany 80:1126-1136.

6. Nilsen, E. T., and D. Karpa. 1994. Seasonal acclimation of stem photosynthesis in two invasive, naturalized legumes from coastal habitats of California. Photosynthetica 30:77-90.

7. Nilsen, E. T., M. R. Sharifi. 1994. Seasonal acclimation of stem photosynthesis to habitat conditions by two legumes in the Sonoran and Mojave deserts of California. Plant Physiology 105:1385-1391.

8. Nilsen, E. T. 1995. Stem Photosynthesis: Extent, patterns, and role in plant carbon economy. pp 223-240. In: B. Gartner (editor) Stems and Trunks in Plant Form and Function. Academic Press, San Diego, CA.

9. Nilsen, E. T., M. R. Sharifi, P. W. Rundel. 1996. Diurnal gas exchange characteristics of two stem photosynthesizing legumes in relation to climate at two contrasting sites in the California desert. Flora 191:105-116.

10. Nilsen, E. T., and M .R. Sharifi.1997. Relationships between gas exchange properties of stems and carbon isotopic discrimination in stem tissues. American Journal of Botany 84:1707-1713.